Report of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests on its fourth session
New York, 11-21 February 1997

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IV. TRADE AND ENVIRONMENT IN RELATION TO FOREST PRODUCTS AND SERVICES

Conclusions

116. The Panel acknowledged the potential positive relationship
between trade in forest products and services and sustainable forest
management. It recognized the importance of promoting sustainable
forest management through mutually supportive trade and environmental
policies, in particular avoiding policies that have adverse impacts on
the management, conservation and sustainable development of forests.
However, it also recognized the wide range and complexity of the
issues associated with this topic. A continuing process of consensus-
building is needed, including the exploration of the possible need for
specific international trade agreements in forest products and
voluntary codes of conduct for sustainable forest management to
facilitate and improve trade in forest products in specific areas.

117. The Panel emphasized that the issues of trade and environment
relating to forest products and services should be addressed in a
holistic manner, taking into account chapter 11 of Agenda 21 and the
Forest Principles. It recognized, however, that there was inadequate
information on both domestic and international trade in non-wood
products and forest services. Further studies and data gathering are
needed to overcome those gaps in future.

118. The Uruguay Round of multilateral trade negotiations made
significant progress in improving market access for forest products,
especially in terms of reducing tariffs for all types of forest
products. Yet barriers to international trade in forest products,
particularly non-tariff barriers, could still impede access of forest
products to the international market.

119. Forest products obtained from sustainably managed forests may
be considered to be environmentally friendly. Competition between
different products from different regions and between wood and
non-wood alternatives is inevitable. It need not constrain national
or global efforts to achieve sustainable forest management, but could
have implications for sustainable forest management and for markets
for specific forest products in the future. Further economic and
market studies, therefore, should be carried out to determine how best
to use markets and economic instruments to promote sustainable forest
management.

120. For the majority of developing countries, exports of
processed products represent a small proportion of their total
roundwood production. Additional efforts, therefore, should be geared
towards promoting efficient and environmentally sound downstream
processing industries and exports of processed products, consistent
with sustainable forest management, in order to increase their
contribution to sustainable development and to increase export
earnings.

121. The Panel noted that producer countries and international
institutions have undertaken many efforts and initiatives to promote
lesser used species in the international tropical timber market.
Progress is still limited, but efforts should continue and should also
include temperate and boreal species, consistent with the management,
conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests.

122. International attention to the issues of the certification of
forest management and labelling of forest products should be put into
perspective. To date, only a small proportion of the global trade in
forest products and a small area of the world's forests are influenced
by those schemes. Because of inadequate information and relatively
few real world experiences, it is still too early to assess
objectively their full potential in promoting sustainable forest
management. More studies and information are required to clarify
various uncertainties, including the impacts of certification on
forest enterprises and markets; the competitiveness of forest
products; the economic and non-economic costs and benefits; the demand
for certified products; the feasibility and credibility of
certification at different levels; the use of criteria and indicators;
the governance and credibility of certification schemes in the context
of consistency with international agreements; and the role of
Government as a regulator, and in some countries also as resource
owner.

123. The Panel recognized that voluntary certification and
labelling schemes are among many potentially useful tools that can be
employed to promote the sustainable management of forests. In view of
the potential proliferation of schemes, there is a need to promote
comparability and avoid duplication among various voluntary
certification and labelling schemes.

124. The Panel accepted that Governments have a critical role in
promoting effective sustainable forest management systems. However,
because certification has thus far been developed as a voluntary
private initiative, different views expressed on the roles of
Governments and intergovernmental institutions in the development or
regulation of certification systems require further clarification. In
considering possible roles for Governments, bearing in mind the fact
that certification is a market-driven process, distinctions should be
made between the roles of Governments as regulators, as promoters of
public policy, and in some countries as forest owners. Governments,
however, have a role in encouraging transparency, the full
participation of interested parties, non-discrimination, and open
access to voluntary certification schemes.

125. International efforts should focus on ensuring that existing
and new certification and labelling schemes are open and
non-discriminatory in respect of types of forests or forest products,
forest owners, managers and operators, are not used as a form of
disguised protectionism and are not in conflict with international
obligations.

126. Full-cost internalization may contribute to sustainable
forest management in the long term. Without it, socio-economic and
environmental costs may not be fully reflected in and addressed by the
market, with the result that unsustainable practices may appear more
attractive and less costly than sustainable forest management. Only
limited consensus exists on concepts, definitions, measurements,
techniques and data requirements to introduce environmental costs into
pricing mechanisms. The relationship to substitutes, among other
things, will affect the allocation of costs and benefits of cost
internalization and market-based instruments. Exchange of information
on various research findings and experiences in relation to costs and
policy mechanisms are encouraged so as to facilitate discussion and
policy development.

127. Greater market transparency has the potential to promote the
mutually supportive roles of trade and environment in the forest
sector. Improved market transparency would also help to address such
issues as illegal international trade in forest products, transfer
pricing and market distortions. Despite some ongoing efforts by
relevant international organizations, there has been little progress
in improving market transparency for trade in forest products, and the
Panel agreed that further efforts should be encouraged.

Proposals for action on market access

128. The Panel:

(a) Urged countries and relevant international organizations to
study the environmental, social and economic impacts of trade-related
measures affecting forest products and services;

(b) Requested countries to undertake measures for improving
market access for forest goods and services, including the reduction
of tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade in accordance with existing
international obligations and commitments, and in that context to
promote a mutually supportive relationship between environment and
trade in forest goods and services, and to avoid conflict between
measures that affect trade in forest goods and services and existing
international obligations so that environmental concerns do not lead
to disguised barriers to trade;

(c) Urged all countries, subject to their national legislation,
to encourage efforts by the private sector, in consultation with
interested parties, to formulate and implement voluntary codes of
conduct for promoting sustainable forest management for forest owners,
forest developers and international investors in forestry so as to
improve trade in forest products, and to endeavour to ensure that
external trade policies take into account community rights, where
appropriate.

129. The Panel discussed the following options for action relating
to possible agreement for forest products from all types of forests,
based on non-discriminatory rules and multilaterally agreed
procedures, without reaching a consensus on these or other possible
procedures:

(a) To take note of the International Tropical Timber Agreement
(ITTA) of 1994, in particular the commitment made by ITTO members to
review the scope of the agreement four years after its entry into
force on 1 January 1997;

(b) To explore the possibility of extending the concept of the
Year 2000 Objective of ITTA for all types of forests;

(c) To explore the possibility of an international agreement on
trade in forest products from all types of forests;

(d) To examine the possibilities of further initiatives on trade
liberalization within the auspices of the World Trade Organization;

(e) To explore, within an intergovernmental forum on forests,
intergovernmental negotiating committee or other arrangements decided
upon at an appropriate time, the possibilities of promoting the
management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of
forests and trade in forest products in the context of an
international, comprehensive and legally binding instrument on all
types of forests.

130. The Panel considered the question of the relationship between
obligations under international agreement and national measures,
including actions imposed by subnational jurisdictions, but was not
able to reach a consensus. Options for action proposed included:

(a) Urging countries to remove all unilateral measures to the
extent that those are inconsistent with international agreements;

(b) Urging countries to remove all unilateral bans and boycotts
inconsistent with the rules of the international trade system,
including those imposed by subnational jurisdictions, in order to
facilitate the long-term management, conservation and sustainable
development of all types of forests, in accordance with paragraph 14
of the Forest Principles;

(c) Recognizing that those matters are also considered in forums
whose primary competence is to address trade issues.

Proposals for action on the relative competitiveness of forest
products

131. The Panel:

(a) Called upon relevant organizations to support efforts to
gather more information and conduct more independent market and
economic studies of potential competition between wood and non-wood
substitutes, analysing the costs and benefits, including any
substitution effects, and the overall impact on the management,
conservation and sustainable development of all types of forests;

(b) Urged developed countries and relevant international
organizations to support efforts by developing countries, consistent
with policies and programmes for sustainable forest management, to
increase their productivity and efficiency in downstream processing
activities, and to support, where appropriate, community-based
processing and marketing of wood and non-timber forest products.

Proposals for action on lesser used species

132. The Panel:

(a) Called upon countries and relevant international
organizations and research institutions to intensify efforts to
promote lesser used forest species in domestic and international
markets, where increased use is consistent with sustainable forest
management;

(b) Urged producer countries to implement policies that are
compatible and consistent with sustainable forest management for the
utilization of economically viable lesser used species;

(c) Urged international organizations and research institutions
to transfer technology, and to support national and community level
efforts to develop and adapt technologies including traditional
forest-related knowledge, for increasing the sustainable utilization
of lesser used species.

Proposals for action on certification and labelling

133. The Panel:

(a) Urged countries, within their respective legal frameworks,
and international organizations to consider the potentially mutually
supportive relationship between sustainable forest management, trade,
and voluntary certification and labelling schemes operating in
accordance with relevant national legislations, and to endeavour to
ensure, as necessary, that such schemes are not used as a form of
disguised protectionism, and to help to ensure, as necessary, that
they do not conflict with international obligations;

(b) Invited developed countries and international organizations
to support, including through technical and financial assistance,
efforts in developing countries to enhance the assessment capabilities
of developing countries in relation to voluntary certification and
labelling;

(c) Urged countries to support the application to certification
schemes of such concepts as:

(i) Open access and non-discrimination in respect of all types of
forests, forest owners, managers and operators;

(ii) Credibility;

(iii) Non-deceptiveness;

(iv) Cost-effectiveness;

(v) Participation that seeks to involve all interested parties,
including local communities;

(vi) Sustainable forest management;

(vii) Transparency;

(d) Invited relevant organizations, in accordance with their
mandate, to carry out further studies on various aspects of voluntary
certification and labelling schemes, including:

(i) Effectiveness in promoting sustainable forest management;

(ii) The relationships between various criteria and indicator
frameworks and certification;

(iii) Issues relevant to the development, implementation,
promotion, equivalency and mutual recognition of voluntary
certification and labelling schemes, and the role of
government in that context;

(iv) The special needs of local communities, other forest-
dependent populations and owners of small forests;

(v) The need to monitor practical experience with certification,
including accreditation processes;

(vi) The development of consistent terminology;

(vii) The impacts of such schemes on the relative competitiveness
of forest goods and services in the absence of equivalent
schemes for substitutes;

(viii) The needs of countries with low forest cover;

(e) Invited countries to consider the relevance to certification
schemes of the Centre for International Forestry Research project on
criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management;

(f) Urged countries and relevant international organizations
dealing with trade in forest products to bring the current trends on
certification into perspective, and to promote comparability and avoid
duplication of efforts among various voluntary certification and
labelling schemes;

(g) Called upon countries and relevant agencies to make
arrangements for and support an exchange of information and experience
on certification and labelling schemes, in appropriate forums, to
ensure transparency on an ongoing basis.

Proposals for action on full-cost internalization

134. The Panel:

(a) Called upon countries and relevant international
organizations concerned with forestry and trade to explore ways and
means to establish full cost internalization of both wood products and
non-wood substitutes, and to undertake market and economic analyses of
their implications for forest management and development costs and for
sustainable forest management. Such analyses should also examine the
potential cost and benefits of improved efficiency and sustainability
at all levels of the forest industry;

(b) Drawing upon the work being carried out by countries and
relevant international organizations, encouraged the sharing of
information on research findings and experiences concerning the
implementation of full cost internalization and its application to
sustainable forest management, and relevant policy mechanisms.

Proposals for action on market transparency

135. The Panel:

(a) Called upon relevant international organizations and national
institutions to expand their work on market transparency for trade in
forest products and services, and to include the possible development
of a global database;

(b) Invited countries to provide an assessment and share relevant
information on the nature and extent of illegal trade in forest
products, and to consider measures to counter such illegal trade.

V. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND MULTILATERAL INSTITUTIONS
AND INSTRUMENTS, INCLUDING APPROPRIATE LEGAL MECHANISMS

Conclusions

136. The Panel recognized the need to strengthen coordination
among international organizations and multilateral institutions in
order to provide a holistic and balanced approach to all types of
forests. The Panel also recognized that a number of international
instruments and institutions deal with specific aspects of or matters
closely related to forests, as well as with matters in other sectors
that may directly affect forests. At the same time, the Panel
acknowledged that, at present, no single multilateral body,
organization or instrument has either a mandate or capacity to
address, in a balanced, holistic and mutually reinforcing way, all
issues that are currently on the international agenda with respect to
all types of forests.

137. The Panel noted that it has provided a very useful forum for
examining a wide range of international forest issues in a holistic,
integrated and cohesive manner, and for building consensus in a number
of areas. The work of the informal high-level Inter-Agency Task Force
on Forests, which was established to support the Panel, was commended
as an example of effective inter-institutional collaboration. That
informal arrangement has proven to be flexible and effective, has
provided an opportunity for outreach beyond the United Nations system,
and could easily involve other institutions in the future.

138. The Panel noted the need for enhanced international efforts
in a number of interlinked forest-related areas, including effective
governance of international institutions, organizations and
instruments dealing with forest issues; improved mechanisms for
focusing, coordinating and monitoring the activities undertaken by
agencies and to implement instruments on international forest-related
issues; improved participation of major groups in forest-related
forums and processes to promote sustainable forest management;
strategic data collection and analysis; projects to strengthen
capacity-building, technology transfer and exchange, and human
resource development, in particular at the national and field levels;
improved coordination between international and bilateral funding
agencies; and more focused and effective funding for and coordination
of research and development in priority areas concerned with
sustainable forest management.

139. The Panel agreed that forest-related international, regional
and bilateral agencies and organizations, existing legal instruments,
financial and trade institutions and treaty bodies should mobilize
their respective strengths and capacities in implementing the
proposals for action in the Panel's report, and should further promote
policy dialogue, consensus-building and international cooperation,
recalling Agenda 21 and paragraph 10 of the Forest Principles. More
still needs to be done to clarify mandates, define capacities and
address overlaps, gaps and areas that need enhancement. Forest-
related activities should be made more transparent, effective and
flexible, and should provide for effective participation of and
collaboration among all interested parties and major groups. The
benefits of regional approaches should be fully explored.

140. The Panel noted that there are existing international legally
binding instruments that are relevant to forests, such as the
Convention on Biological Diversity, the Convention to Combat
Desertification, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered
Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, the International Tropical Timber
Agreement, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change,
and the Convention on Wetlands of International Importance, Especially
as Waterfowl Habitat. Those instruments address forest-related issues
in a specific context, embody the concept of sustainability, and
address many cross-cutting issues that are relevant to forests, such
as financial resources, technology transfer, trade, and traditional
knowledge. They do not deal comprehensively with all issues relating
to forests, including sustainable forest management. Some delegations
considered that trade in products from all types of forests also need
further consideration in a legal instrument.

141. The Panel recognized the importance of addressing forests in
a holistic way at the regional and national level, and noted the
several regional and international initiatives and regional mechanisms
that have been launched by like-minded countries outside the United
Nations system framework to promote the national implementation of
improved forest management. Particularly notable are several
initiatives related to developing and implementing criteria and
indicators for sustainable forest management, in which more than 130
countries now participate.

142. The Panel noted that there is no global instrument that deals
in a comprehensive and holistic way with all types of forests. The
Panel agreed that in order to achieve the management, conservation and
sustainable development of all types of forests it is necessary to
deal coherently with all the interrelated social, cultural, economic,
trade, environment, development, production, financial and technology
issues that have a concrete impact on those objectives. The Panel
recognized the need to address, in an integrated manner, such issues
as trade, market access and transparency, economic, environmental and
social policies that directly or indirectly affect the forest sector,
private investment, financial resources and the transfer of
technology.

143. The Panel recommended that the holistic and balanced approach
to intergovernmental forest policy dialogue and consensus-building, as
launched by the Commission through the establishment of the Panel,
should be continued and enhanced. That continued intergovernmental
policy dialogue on forests, which could include a high-level
component, should promote and facilitate, in a transparent and
participatory manner, a holistic consideration of all relevant forest-
related issues, and should ensure balanced treatment of all types of
forests based on the principles of common but differentiated
responsibilities of all countries and the sovereign right of States
over their natural resources, as contained in principles 2 and 7 of
the Rio Declaration on Environment and Development and paragraphs 1
(a) and 2 (a) of the Forest Principles.

Proposals for action

144. The Panel urged international organizations, in cooperation
with countries, to support and implement its proposals for action.

145. The Panel called upon the appropriate international
institutions and organizations to continue their work in the informal
high-level Inter-Agency Task Force on Forests, under the chairmanship
of FAO as task manager for chapter 11 of Agenda 21, focusing on the
proposals for action recommended by the Panel, in accordance with
their respective mandates and comparative advantage, and proposed that
the Task Force, in a transparent and participatory manner, undertake
further coordination and explore means for collaboration and coherent
action at the international, regional and country levels, in support
of any continuing intergovernmental dialogue on forests.

146. The Panel called on countries:

(a) To support the work on forest-related issues undertaken by
international and regional organizations and agencies and under
relevant instruments;

(b) To clarify the mandates of the relevant international
institutions and organizations related to forest issues, inter alia,
through their respective governing bodies, in order to improve
integration and coordination of their efforts and to guide the
activities of each organization to areas in which they can be most
effective;

(c) Through the respective governing bodies, to work to eliminate
waste and duplication, thereby using available resources in an
efficient manner;

(d) To guide relevant international and regional institutions and
those administering instruments, through their governing bodies, to
accelerate incorporation into their relevant work programmes of the
forest-related results of UNCED and of further progress achieved since
then, and of the proposals for action recommended by the Panel;

(e) To support activities related to the management, conservation
and sustainable development of all types of forests.

147. The Panel examined a number of options for action at the
intergovernmental level to continue the intergovernmental policy
dialogue on all types of forests and to monitor progress in and
promote the implementation of the Panel's proposals for action. It
proposed the following options, which were not necessarily seen to be
mutually exclusive:

(a) To continue the intergovernmental policy dialogue on forests
and the consideration of all aspects and programmes aimed at the
management, conservation and sustainable development of all types of
forests in a holistic manner within existing forums, such as the
Commission, FAO and their respective institutional structures, as well
as other appropriate international organizations, institutions and
instruments;

(b) To continue the intergovernmental policy dialogue on forests
through the establishment of an ad hoc open-ended intergovernmental
forum on forests under the auspices of the Commission, with a focused
and time-limited mandate, charged with, inter alia, reviewing,
monitoring and reporting on progress in the management, conservation
and sustainable development of all types of forests, promoting and
monitoring the implementation of the Panel's proposals for action, and
either:

(i) On that basis, considering and advising on the need for other
arrangements and mechanisms, including legal arrangements
covering all types of forests, and reporting on those matters
to the Commission at the appropriate time in its work
programme, which has yet to be defined;

and/or:

(ii) Preparing the basis and building the necessary consensus for
a decision to negotiate and elaborate possible elements of a
legally binding instrument, reporting to the Commission in
1999 on its work;

(c) To carry forward intergovernmental policy action on forests
through the establishment, as soon as possible, under the authority of
the General Assembly, of an intergovernmental negotiating committee on
a legally binding instrument on all types of forest, with a focused
and time-limited mandate.

148. The Panel also examined numerous detailed suggestions on the
mandate and programme of work under the above options; these were
noted by the Secretariat for future reference and consideration, and
will be included in a forthcoming compilation.

149. The Panel recommended that the options contained in paragraph
147 (b) and (c) above, if endorsed, should be serviced by a small
secretariat within the secretariat of the Commission in the Department
for Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development of the United
Nations Secretariat, and should be supported by the Task Force.


VI. ADOPTION OF THE REPORT OF THE PANEL ON ITS FOURTH SESSION

150. At its 7th meeting, on 21 February 1997, the Panel had before it the
draft report on its fourth session (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/L.1), as well as a number
of informal papers.

151. At the same meeting, the Working Group took note of the informal papers
and adopted its report.

VII. ORGANIZATIONAL AND OTHER MATTERS

A. Opening and duration of the session

152. The Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests of the Commission on
Sustainable Development held its fourth session from 11 to 21 February 1997,
in accordance with Economic and Social Council decision 1996/230. The Panel
held seven meetings (1st to 7th meetings).

153. The session was opened by one of the Co-Chairmen, Sir Martin Holdgate
(United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland). The other Co-
Chairman, Mr. Manuel Rodri'guez (Colombia), also made an opening statement.

154. The Under-Secretary-General for Policy Coordination and Sustainable
Development of the United Nations Secretariat made an introductory statement.


B. Election of officers

155. At the 1st meeting, on 11 February 1997, the Panel elected Mr. S. K.
Pande (India) Vice-Chairman of the Panel for the fourth session, to replace
Mr. M. F. Ahmed (India), who had retired.

156. The Bureau of the Panel comprised the following officers:

Co-Chairmen: Sir Martin Holdgate (United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland)
Mr. Manuel Rodri'guez (Colombia)

Vice-Chairmen: Mr. Juste Boussienguet (Gabon)
Mr. S. K. Pande (India)
Mr. Anatoliy I. Pisarenko (Russian Federation)

157. As decided at the second session of the Panel, Mr. Juste Boussienguet
also served as Rapporteur at the fourth session.


C. Agenda and organization of work

158. At the 1st meeting, on 11 February 1997, the Panel adopted its
provisional agenda, as contained in document E/CN.17/IPF/1997/1, and approved
its organization of work. The agenda was as follows:

1. Adoption of the agenda and other organizational matters.

2. Implementation of forest-related decisions of the United Nations
Conference on Environment and Development at the national and
international levels, including an examination of sectoral and
cross-sectoral linkages.

3. International cooperation in financial assistance and technology
transfer.

4. Scientific research, forest assessment and development of criteria
and indicators for sustainable forest management.

5. Trade and environment in relation to forest products and services.

6. International organizations and multilateral institutions and
instruments, including appropriate legal mechanisms.

7. Other matters.

8. Adoption of the report of the Panel on its fourth session.

159. Also at the 1st meeting, the Panel agreed to establish two in-session
working groups, each to be chaired by one of the Co-Chairmen.


D. Attendance

160. The session was attended by representatives of 52 States members of the
Commission on Sustainable Development. Observers for other States Members of
the United Nations and for the European Community, representatives of
organizations of the United Nations system, and secretariats of treaty bodies,
as well as observers for intergovernmental, non-governmental and other
organizations also attended. The list of participants is contained in
annex I.


E. Documentation

161. The Panel had before it the following documents:

(a) Report of the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests on its third
session (Geneva, 9-20 September 1996) (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/2);

(b) Note by the Secretariat transmitting a note by the Co-Chairmen of
the Ad Hoc Intergovernmental Panel on Forests on elements of a draft report of
the Panel on its fourth session (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/3);

(c) Report of the Secretary-General entitled "Programme element V.1:
International organizations and multilateral institutions and instruments"
(E/CN.17/IPF/1997/4);

(d) Report of the Secretary-General entitled "Options for follow-up to
the work of the Intergovernmental Panel on Forests in relation to programme
element V.2: Contribution to consensus-building towards the further
implementation of the Forest Principles" (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/5);

(e) Letter dated 15 January 1997 from the Permanent Representatives of
Colombia and Denmark to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General,
transmitting the results of the International Meeting of Indigenous and Other
Forest-Dependent Peoples on the Management, Conservation and Sustainable
Development of All Types of Forests (Leticia, Colombia, 9-13 December 1996)
(E/CN.17/IPF/1997/6);

(f) Letter dated 27 January 1997 from the Permanent Representatives of
Sweden and Uganda to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General,
transmitting the report of the Inter-Governmental Workshop of Experts on
Sustainable Forestry and Land Use (Stockholm, 14-18 October 1996)
(E/CN.17/IPF/1997/7);

(g) Note by the Secretary-General transmitting the text of decision
III/12 of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Biological
Diversity (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/8);

(h) Note verbale dated 5 February 1997 from the Permanent Representative
of Japan to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General,
transmitting the final report of the International Workshop on Integrated
Application of Sustainable Forest Management Practices (Kochi, Japan, 22-
25 November 1996) (E/CN.17/IPF/1997/9).


Notes

1/ Report of the United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development, Rio de Janeiro, 3-14 June 1992, vol. I, Resolutions Adopted by
the Conference (United Nations publication, Sales No. E.93.I.8 and
Corrigendum), resolution 1, annex III.

2/ Ibid., annex I.

3/ Ibid., annex II.

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